NSC Geography Past Papers — Paper 1 and Paper 2
NSC Geography covers both physical and human geography, with a strong emphasis on South African and African contexts. The exam consists of Paper 1 (physical geography and mapwork) and Paper 2 (human geography). Each paper is 3 hours and worth 225 marks. This guide explains what each paper covers and how to prepare using past papers.
Paper 1 — Physical Geography and Mapwork
| Topic | Key Concepts |
|---|---|
| Climate and weather | South African biomes, synoptic maps, rainfall, ocean currents |
| Geomorphology | Rivers (erosion, transportation, deposition), coasts, dunes, karst topography |
| Mapwork | 1:50 000 topographic maps, cross-sections, gradient calculations, bearing |
| Global atmospheric circulation | Winds, pressure systems, weather patterns |
Paper 2 — Human and Social Geography
| Topic | Key Concepts |
|---|---|
| Settlement geography | Urban land use, urbanisation, housing, informal settlements |
| Economic geography | Agriculture types, industries, globalisation, economic development |
| Population studies | Population growth, migration, demographic transition model |
| Development geography | HDI, development indicators, North-South divide, aid and trade |
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | Applications of GIS in South Africa |
Mapwork Tips
Mapwork carries approximately 40 marks in Paper 1 and must be practised thoroughly. You will need a ruler, sharp pencil, and protractor in the exam.
- Practise reading grid references (4-figure and 6-figure) — these are basic but carry marks.
- Cross-section drawings must be done to scale using the vertical interval given.
- Gradient calculations: (vertical interval) / (horizontal equivalent) — always show the working.
- Bearing is measured clockwise from North (0–360°).
- Identify land use types from topographic symbols — practise with 1:50 000 map extracts.
- Spot height vs contour height — know the difference and be precise.
Essay Technique in Geography
- Geography essays require factual content, diagrams, and South African examples.
- For climate questions, always reference the position relative to the Equator and sea.
- Human geography essays must include statistics and named case studies (specific cities, countries).
- Use sketches and annotated diagrams where the question allows — they earn marks and save writing time.